|     Invasion of  R.
  palmarum in California was officially confirmed in 2011 in San
  Diego County.  These initial
  detections were about 2.5 miles from the United States / Mexico border.   It is believed that the invasion
  originated from Tijuana Mexico, where infestations and dead palms had been
  detected earlier.  This palm weevil has a known distribution that includes
  Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Like other species of Rhynchophorus R. palmarumHYPERLINK
  "/sites/g/files/rcwecm2631/files/2019-07/USDA-Palmarum-Fact-Sheet.pdf"
  is a destructive palm pest in its native and invaded ranges.          Feeding by weevil larvae in the crown of palm trees,
  causes significant damage.  Dr. Mark
  Hoddle of the University of California reports that this can result in the
  death of meristematic tissues.  If
  meristematic tissue is destroyed, it results in the “crown” of the palm dying
  and this inability to produce new fronds gradually leads to palm death.
  Palms, especially highly susceptible Canary Islands date palms, Phoenix canariensis, that are in the
  advanced stages of infection may have a “halo” of green fronds around the top
  of the trunk, and the palm crown disintegrates and dies.          More
  than 50 natural enemies have been reported to attack Rhynchophorus species, even if most of
  them are associated to R. ferrugineus
  (Olivier), but there is little information on the other species of the
  genus.  Fungi are considered important
  for inclusion in future integrated pest management programs.   REFERENCES:   Gabriela Esparza-Díaz, Alma Olguin, Lynn K. Carta, Andrea
  M. Skantar & Raul T. Villanueva.  2013.  Detection of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera:
  Curculionidae) and Identification of Associated Nematodes in South
  Texas.  Florida Entomologist 96
  (4):  1513-1521.   Giblin-Davis, R,
  M, et al.  1996.  Chemical and behavioral ecology of palm
  weevils (Curculionidae: Rhychophorinae). 
  Florida Entomologist 79:  153-167.   Hodel, D. R., M. A.
  Marika  &  L. M. Ohara.  2016.  The
  South American palm weevil, a new threat to palms in California and the
  southwest.  Palm Arbor 3:  1-27.   Hunsberger, G. B., R. M.Giblin-Davis
  & T. J. Weissling.  2000.  Symptoms and population dynamics of
  Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canary Island date
  palms.  Florida Entomol. 83:  290-303.   Oehlschlager, A. C.;
  C. Chinchilla, G. Castillo, & L. Gonzalez  2002.  Control of red ring
  disease by mass trapping of Rhynchophorus palmarum
  (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).  Florida
  Entomologist, 85 (3):  507-513.   Wattanapongsiri A. 
  1966.  A Revision of the Genera
  Rhynchophorus and Dynamis.  Department of Agricultural Science,
  Bangkok (T.H.).   Wilson M.  1963.  Investigations
  into the development of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus
  palmarum.  Tropical Agriculture
  Trinidad 40:  185–196.   |